A satellite mobile phone connects to a satellite in orbit instead of a terrestrial network, unlike conventional mobile phones. They provide the same basic services as conventional phones, for example, text messaging, voice calls, and internet access.
The phones are known as terminals and are about the same size as a conventional mobile phone, although some external equipment is required
The advantage of these phones is that they can be used in remote places as long as the satellite covers it. Some services cover the entire earth, while others cover a smaller area. So if there is an expedition to the North Pole for example, there will be communication with base camp. They are particularly useful in emergency situations. These phones are also very popular with owners of private boats as they allow their owners to call should an emergency arise. Unlike terrestrial networks these networks are less likely to become congested with callers, which overloads the system.
These phones are known for having a bad reception inside a building. This problem is solved however with the installation of an antenna on the roof of a building, boat or vehicle. The terminal can connect via wireless to the antenna.
There are two different systems used by satellite phones that have different advantages for users. The most common system used is known as Low Earth Orbit. This provides global coverage with no delay. These satellites orbit the earth at high speed at an altitude ranging between 640 to 1100 kilometres. A large number of satellites is needed for world wide coverage, but some of these systems can only cover a certain area. The main advantage with this system is that large objects do not create connection problems. This is because if coverage is lost with one satellite it will immediately connect with another as it enters the coverage area. However, there may be a delay of a few minutes before the next one comes into range.
Some satellites are in geostationary orbit, which means that it remains in the same position in the sky. There are usually 3 or 4 satellites in this system at different locations over the globe, at a height of 35,000 kilometres. This allows the system to maintain global coverage. The disadvantage with this system is that large objects between the terminal and the satellite can block the connection. There is also a delay between the phone and the satellite due to the distance.
The cost of the phones vary according to the kind of service needed. Handsets can range from US$200 to over US$1000. Handset are built for network only, and cannot be changed over.
These phones are popular with people who live in remote parts of Australia. The Australian government provides a subsidy for a satellite phone system to remote communities.
A Satellite mobile phone is an excellent solution for those on an expedition in a remote area or out at sea, where terrestrial networks are not available. They can also be of use to hikers and travelers, or anyone who does not have any other means of long distance communication.
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