How does one obtain electricity from the sun and what is the Photovoltaic effect?
The sun is made from photons, which make solar energy, and so when silicon semiconductors are exposed to the rays of the sun, they capture and release electricity, and this process is called the Photovoltaic effect.
When these photons strike Photovoltaic solar cells panels, they either pass through it or are absorbed by it. It is the absorbed photons that produce the electricity, by transferring an electron into an atom of a semiconductor or Photovoltaic cell.
What is a Photovoltaic system, what is it made from and how long does it last?
A Photovoltaic system is made from various components that are different, including batteries; a charge controller or a regulator for a stand-alone system; a charge regulator for the system; and an inverter for a grid-connected system.
A basic Photovoltaic system will operate for 20 years or more, when it is constructed well, installed well and maintained well, and when working efficiently, the Photovoltaic system will generate more than $10,000 worth of electricity over a 30 year period.
Problems that occur throughout the years with the systems, before then, are due to sloppy installation, inappropriate connectivity or insufficient wiring.
Also, if the system uses back-up batteries, these will not function properly if they are not charged after use on a regular basis or if they are batteries that are not appropriate for the specifications and applications they are being used for.
Solar panels are installed a lot these days for both heating and lighting needs, in many homes and offices, hotels, supermarkets, manufacturing companies, and warehouses due to the savings they will bring to the monthly electric bill.
The sunlight which reaches the Solar Cells Panels also varies on any given day, as far as the radiation it emits from sunup to sundown; depending on the clouds and weather, as well as the position of the sun and the thickness of the atmosphere. The maximum or midpoint Irradiance or amount of solar power during the day happens during solar noon, when there is the most intense sunshine.
The peak hours of the sun are called Insolation, and this is measured in kilowatt hours. Insolation is very seasonal, especially due to the relation between the earth and the sun, which is constantly changing from winter solstice to summer solstice.
Solar panels that are made up from modules and installed properly on rooftops, will convert sunlight into DC power, and with the aid of an inverter will convert the energy from the solar panel module, from DC to AC power. In turn, electricity reaches the home or office, when the AC power, that has been converted, reaches the breaker box.
Nowadays there are also many consultants who are experienced in the field of solar cell module installation and who will recommend and design the customized solar panel and solar power modules necessary for the type of building that is being considered for this natural source of energy. Some permits will be required for installing solar panels, although these are easily obtained and available in most instances.
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