Drilling rigs are structures that house equipment like pipes, cables, drill bits and derricks which are necessary in extracting important commodities such as petroleum from under the earth’s surface. The rigs are categorized under offshore and land with the offshore handling drilling on the ocean floor and land based drills handling the drilling that is done on land.
Apart from extracting petroleum, they can be used in the construction industry in building foundation construction, roadbed, bridges and airports constructions where strong foundations are required. They can also be used in mining, drilling and water well drilling. The drilling rigs come in different types and the most suitable is selected according to the task that is at hand. The drilling rig classifications can be done using various factors, attributes or technologies.
By power
The kind of power a drilling rig uses can determine what type it is. In general, you can find mechanical drilling rigs which use clutches, transmissions and torque converters that are powered by their own diesel engines. The electric ones are those whose machinery items are driven using electric motors generating power on site through internal combustion engines. There are also hydraulic rigs which use hydraulic power, steam rigs which use engines and pumps that are steam powered and the pneumatic ones which are powered using pressurized air.
By Pipe
Rig categorization under pipe has cable drilling rigs that use cables to raise and drop drill bits, conventional drilling rigs which use plastic or metal drill pipes of different types to suit the function and col tubing rigs that use giant tube coils and down hole drilling motors.
By height
Height categorization comes in when temporarily removing drill pipes from the hole and is based on the number of connected pipes in the derrick. Single rigs pull dingle drill pipes, whereas double rigs can handle a stand of pipe that has two connected pipes in the derrick. Triple stand rigs can handle three whereas quadri stand can accommodate four connected drill pipes.
By drilling method
The drilling technology classifies the drilling rigs into non rotational rigs that include most service rigs and direct push rigs. There are also rotary table rigs that achieve rotation by turning a hexagonal or square pipe at the floor level of the drill. Top drive rigs have the circulation and rotation done around the top area of drill string on motors moving on track along the equipment derrick whereas sonic rigs use vibratory energy so that the drill string is advanced. You will also find hammer rigs that use percussive and rotation force.
By derrick position
Drilling rigs can also be categorized according to the positioning of the derrick on the equipment. There are conventional rigs that have the derrick in vertical position and slant rigs that have the derrick slanted at an angle of 25 degrees so that horizontal drilling is facilitated.
Whatever the drilling needs you have, there is always an importance of making sure you select the best for the task at hand. When you know what your options are your chances of choosing the best drilling rig are increased.
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